{"id":22,"date":"2020-02-02T18:02:49","date_gmt":"2020-02-02T18:02:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hcibook.net\/hcihistory\/?page_id=22"},"modified":"2026-01-14T10:29:42","modified_gmt":"2026-01-14T10:29:42","slug":"resources","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/hcihistory\/resources\/","title":{"rendered":"resources"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"history-of-computing-collection\">History of Computing Collection<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>This archive of Swansea University Library contains equipment, software, archives, ephemera, oral histories, and videos.<br>&#8230; see &#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li> <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"HoCC website (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.swansea.ac.uk\/library\/archive-and-research-collections\/hocc\/\" target=\"_blank\">HoCC website<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"HoCC YouTube channel (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCn00nU-ndo9tDMY4AezF_uQ\" target=\"_blank\">HoCC YouTube channel<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-first-hci-paper\">The first HCI paper<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Brian Shackel, (1959). Ergonomics for a computer. Design, 120, 36-39.  <a href=\"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/docs\/HCI-history\/shackel-1959.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"full paper (opens in a new tab)\">full paper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"alvey-programme\">Alvey Programme<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The Man\u2013Machine Interface (<em>sic<\/em>) theme of the Alvey programme was critical in the development of HCI in the UK.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Department of Trade and Industry: The Alvey Programme for Advanced Information Technology<\/em>. The National Audit Office. 1988.  <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"full paper (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/docs\/HCI-history\/Alvey-NAO-1988.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">full report<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brian Oakley&nbsp;and Kenneth Owen,&nbsp;<em>Alvey: Britain&#8217;s Strategic Computing Initiative<\/em>,&nbsp;MIT Press, 1990.&nbsp;ISBN: 0-262-15038-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"articles-about-hci-history\">Articles and books about HCI history<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>IT Archives report: <em>75 Years of Human-Computer Interaction and its Impact on Society<\/em> by Elisabetta Mori. <a href=\"https:\/\/archivesit.org.uk\/75-years-of-human-computer-interaction-and-its-impact-on-society\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/archivesit.org.uk\/75-years-of-human-computer-interaction-and-its-impact-on-society\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">see report<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>HCI Bibliography : History<\/em> \u2013 collection of web sites and documents about the history of HCI. <a href=\"http:\/\/hcibib.org\/hci-sites\/history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"see collection (opens in a new tab)\">see collection<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jonathan Grudin.  <em>A History of Human Computer Interaction<\/em>. Interactions \u2013 Blogs.  March 24, 2017. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"see blog (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/interactions.acm.org\/blog\/view\/a-history-of-human-computer-interaction\" target=\"_blank\">see blog<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jonathan Grudin. <em>From Tool to Partner: The Evolution of Human-Computer Interaction<\/em>. Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics. January 2017. DOI:&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"10.2200\/S00745ED1V01Y201612HCI035 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2200\/S00745ED1V01Y201612HCI035\" target=\"_blank\">10.2200\/S00745ED1V01Y201612HCI035<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ben Shneiderman.  <em>Encounters with HCI Pioneers: A Personal History and Photo Journal.<\/em> Synthesis Lectures on Human-Centered Informatics. February 2019. DOI:&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"10.2200\/S00889ED1V01Y201812HCI041 (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2200\/S00889ED1V01Y201812HCI041\" target=\"_blank\">10.2200\/S00889ED1V01Y201812HCI041<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John Carroll.  <em>Human Computer Interaction &#8211; brief intro<\/em>. The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd Ed..  <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"full article (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.interaction-design.org\/literature\/book\/the-encyclopedia-of-human-computer-interaction-2nd-ed\/human-computer-interaction-brief-intro\" target=\"_blank\">full article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rachel Benedyk talks to Dominic Furness. <em>The origins and survival of Ergonomics at HCI: a personal view.<\/em> Interfaces, 82:8\u201313, 2010. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"full article (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/docs\/HCI-history\/RBinterfaces.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">full article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Myers, Brad. (1998). <em>A Brief History of Human Computer Interaction Technology<\/em>. Interactions. 5. 44\u201354. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"full article (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/245033301_A_Brief_History_of_Human_Computer_Interaction_Technology\" target=\"_blank\">full article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John Knight, Tom McEwan, Alan Dix (2019).  <em>Digital Design \u2013 Secret Histories and Hidden Practices<\/em>, Academy for Design Innovation Management Conference 2019 (<em>ADIM 2019<\/em>), 18-21 July 2019, London.  <a href=\"http:\/\/alandix.com\/academic\/papers\/ADIM-2019\">abstract and links<\/a>&nbsp;|&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/designinnovationmanagement.com\/adim2019\/\">ADIM conference site<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A. Dix. (2016).<em> Human Computer Interaction, foundations and new paradigms<\/em>.&nbsp;Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, special issue in Honour of Stefano Levialdi, 42:122-134.<br>DOI :&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvlc.2016.04.001\">10.1016\/j.jvlc.2016.04.001<\/a> |&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hcibook.com\/alan\/papers\/JVLC-2016-HCI-FNP\/\">abstract and draft paper<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ronald Baecker (2008). <em>Themes in the early history of HCI &#8212; some unanswered questions<\/em>. In Interactions, 15 (2) pp. 22-27. DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/doi.acm.org\/10.1145\/1340961.1340968\">10.1145\/1340961.1340968<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/sigchi\/a-brief-history-of-the-latin-american-hci-community-87c778369a14\" target=\"_blank\">A Brief History of the Latin American HCI Community.<\/a> Sane Gaytan SIGCHI Medium Channel. 12 July 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forgov.qld.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/git_bridge\/0022\/174172\/franchises\/forgov\/learning-modules\/A_brief_history_of_human_centred_design\/#\/\" target=\"_blank\">A brief history of human-centred design<\/a> \u2013 visual overview focused on participatory design, design thinking, service design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>David Parisi (2018). <em>Archaeologies of Touch \u2013 Interfacing with Haptics from Electricity to Computing<\/em>. University of Minnesota Press. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upress.umn.edu\/book-division\/books\/archaeologies-of-touch\" target=\"_blank\">more info<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Matthias Rauterberg (2002). <a href=\"https:\/\/rauterberg.employee.id.tue.nl\/presentations\/HCI-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">History of HCI<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Geraldine Fitzpatrick (2018). <em>A Short History of Human Computer Interaction: A People-Centred Perspective<\/em>. Keynote at ACM SIGUCCS&#8217;18. DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3235715.3242569\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3235715.3242569\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.1145\/3235715.3242569<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elizabeth R. Petrick (2020). <em>A Historiography of Human\u2013Computer Interaction<\/em>. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 42(4): 8 &#8211; 23. DOI<strong>:&nbsp;<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MAHC.2020.3009080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.1109\/MAHC.2020.3009080<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jonathan Grudin (2009). Brian Shackel\u2019s contribution to the written history of Human\u2013Computer Interaction. Interacting with Computers, 21(5\u20136):370-374, DOI:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intcom.2009.03.005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.1016\/j.intcom.2009.03.005<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Professor John Long (1935-2025) \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucl.ac.uk\/uclic\/about-us\/uclics-history\/professor-john-long-1935-2025\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.ucl.ac.uk\/uclic\/about-us\/uclics-history\/professor-john-long-1935-2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tribute and brief biography<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"broader-computing-history\">Broader computing history<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/ifipwg97.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">IFIP WG9.7 on History of Computing<\/a>.  International group organises events and other activities to &#8220;<em>preserve the records and artifacts of information processing inventions, practices, and activities throughout the world<\/em>&#8220;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/science-events-and-lectures\/2021\/03\/computers-and-computer-people-1950s-1990s\/\" target=\"_blank\">Computers and Computer People, 1950s-1990s<\/a>. Royal Society workshop, March 2021 that brought together experts in computing and the history of computing for a wide-ranging series of talks on the IT industry in the UK, 1950-2000 including the Manchester Baby, LEO, transputers and the history of IBM software.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/ifipwg97.org\/about\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">History of Computing \u2013 IFIP Working Group 9.7<\/a>. &#8220;We study the history of computing and informatics with a view to providing the impetus to preserve the records and artifacts of information processing inventions, practices, and activities throughout the world &#8230;&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"The early days of home computing \u2013 in pictures (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/gallery\/2020\/apr\/11\/the-early-days-of-home-computing-in-pictures\" target=\"_blank\">The early days of home computing \u2013 in pictures<\/a>.  Kadish Morris, The Guardian, 11 Apr 2020. \u2013 Pictorial review of Alex Wiltshire and John Short (2020). <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Home Computers: 100 Icons that Defined a Digital Generation (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/thamesandhudson.com\/catalog\/product\/view\/id\/5102\/s\/home-computers-9780500022160\/\" target=\"_blank\">Home Computers: 100 Icons that Defined a Digital Generation<\/a>. Thames &amp; Hudson.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"Breakthrough of Digital Culture (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"http:\/\/demoscene-the-art-of-coding.net\/2020\/04\/15\/breakthrough-finland-accepts-demoscene-on-their-national-list-of-intangible-cultural-heritage-of-humanity\/\" target=\"_blank\">Breakthrough of Digital Culture<\/a>: Finland accepts the Demoscene on its national UNESCO list of intangible cultural heritage of humanity.  Art of Coding Team.  15. April 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.computermuseum.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\">The Computer Sheds<\/a> hold the Jim Austin Computer Collection, over 1500 computers and many thousands of other artifacts such as books, calculators, spares, test equipment as well as a fine collection of Radios and Valves (the RadioShed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/infoculturejournal.org\/abstracts\/55.1\" target=\"_blank\">A History of Women in British Telecommunications<\/a>.  Special Issue of the journal Information &amp; Culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/history-computer.com\/\">History-Computer.com\/<\/a> Timeline, brief biographies, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.historyofinformation.com\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\">HistoryofInformation.com<\/a> by Jeremy Norman, Exploring the History of Information and Media through Timelines<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/computingthehumanexperience.com\/\">Computing the Human Experience<\/a> a transmedia documentary by Grady Booch<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.press.jhu.edu\/books\/title\/12637\/abstractions-and-embodiments\" target=\"_blank\">Abstractions and Embodiments \u2013 New Histories of Computing and Society<\/a>. Edited by Janet Abbate and Stephanie Dick. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/technology-67997406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Unseen images of code breaking computer that helped win WW2<\/a>. BBC News article (18 Jan 2024) about GCHQ&#8217;s release of photos and other artefacts relating to Colossus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bcs.org\/events-calendar\/2024\/may\/webinar-lyons-and-the-emergence-of-business-computing\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.bcs.org\/events-calendar\/2024\/may\/webinar-lyons-and-the-emergence-of-business-computing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lyons and the Emergence of Business Computing<\/a>. BCS Wales Branch seminar by Elisabetta Mori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.datagubbe.se\/girls\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.datagubbe.se\/girls\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Computers are for Girls<\/a> \u2013 A deep dive into early home computer ads by { datagubbe }. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/sounds\/play\/w3ct7479\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/sounds\/play\/w3ct7479\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The first PC virus<\/a>.  BBC World Service: Witness History.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Early Documents<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>HI Club User Modelling SIG Workshop on Models of Users<br>in System Design, Cosner&#8217;s House, 6th and 7th June 1988. <a href=\"http:\/\/hcibook.net\/hcihistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/09\/user-modelling-wkshop-cosners-house-june-1988-with-OCR.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"http:\/\/hcibook.net\/hcihistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/09\/user-modelling-wkshop-cosners-house-june-1988-with-OCR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Draft Report<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HCI: Making Software Usable. NDISD 1993 (New Directions in Software Development) Wolverhampton 1993. <a href=\"http:\/\/hcibook.net\/hcihistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/10\/NDISD1993-HCI-Making-Software-Usable.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"http:\/\/hcibook.net\/hcihistory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2024\/10\/NDISD1993-HCI-Making-Software-Usable.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">abstracts of talks<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Health and Human Services Dept. (U. S. ) (2007). <em>Research-based web design and visibility guidelines<\/em>. United States Govt Printing Office. <a href=\"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/docs\/HCI-history\/HHS-guidelines_book.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/docs\/HCI-history\/Leavitt-Shneiderman-guidelines_book.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Guidelines Book<\/a><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"more-classic-hci\">More Classic HCI<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ivan Edward Sutherland (1963). <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"A man-machine graphical communication system\" target=\"_blank\">Sketchpad: A man-machine graphical communication system<\/a>. PhD Thesis. MIT, January 1963.  (Reproduced as Cambridge Computing Laboratory Technical Report, UCAM-CL-TR-574)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Twitter thread below about the origins of HJKL cursor movement keys in vi\/vim. Wordstar used ESDX and close keys for up, left, right, down using natural layout: <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/jschauma\/status\/1434265985138270210\">https:\/\/twitter.com\/jschauma\/status\/1434265985138270210<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Glenn E. Krasner and Stephen T. Pope (1988). <a href=\"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/docs\/HCI-history\/Krasner-JOOP88-Smalltalk-Cookbook.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/docs\/HCI-history\/Krasner-JOOP88-Smalltalk-Cookbook.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A cookbook for using the model-view controller user interface paradigm in Smalltalk-80<\/a>. J. Object Oriented Program. 1, 3 (Aug.\/Sept. 1988), 26\u201349.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"videos\">Classic Videos<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ivan Sutherland Sketchpad Demo 1963\" width=\"580\" height=\"326\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6orsmFndx_o?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Sketchpad\" width=\"580\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/57wj8diYpgY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"1968 \u201cMother of All Demos\u201d by SRI\u2019s Doug Engelbart and Team\" width=\"580\" height=\"326\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/B6rKUf9DWRI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"History of Computer Graphics (1972)\" width=\"580\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NXkkr0REEPI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Xerox Star User Interface (1982) 1 of 2\" width=\"580\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Cn4vC80Pv6Q?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Xerox Star User Interface (1982) 2 of 2\" width=\"580\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ODZBL80JPqw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Phone Slave\" width=\"580\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/xNM_5JKvjok?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Starfire Director&#039;s Cut\" width=\"580\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/w9OKcKisUrY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Sun Starfire Computer System (1994) &quot;Casual Computing&quot;\" width=\"580\" height=\"435\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kSU3DT9Sp0k?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Yesterday&#039;s Computer of Tomorrow: The Xerox Alto \u2502Smalltalk-76 Demo\" width=\"580\" height=\"326\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/NqKyHEJe9_w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>History of Computing Collection This archive of Swansea University Library contains equipment, software, archives, ephemera, oral histories, and videos.&#8230; see &#8230; The first HCI paper Brian Shackel, (1959). Ergonomics for a computer. Design, 120, 36-39. full paper Alvey Programme The Man\u2013Machine Interface (sic) theme of the Alvey programme was critical in the development of HCI [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-22","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/hcihistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/hcihistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/hcihistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/hcihistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/hcihistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22"}],"version-history":[{"count":44,"href":"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/hcihistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":182,"href":"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/hcihistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22\/revisions\/182"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hcibook.net\/hcihistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}